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Periodization in training refers to a systematic approach to organizing and planning an athlete's training schedule over specific periods or phases. This method helps to optimize performance by varying the intensity, volume, and type of training throughout the year to prevent plateaus and overtraining.

By structuring training into different phases, such as preparation, competition, and transition, coaches can strategically focus on building strength, endurance, or skill at different times, ensuring athletes peak at the right moments for competition. This approach allows for adequate recovery and adaptation, ultimately leading to improved athletic performance and reduced risk of injury.

In contrast, the other options do not align with the concept of periodization in training. Meal planning is focused on nutrition rather than training structure; sports equipment is unrelated to training methodologies; and while injury prevention is a crucial aspect of training, it is not the central focus of periodization.